Why Do My Gums Bleed? Causes of Bleeding Gums and How to Stop It

The Most Common Cause of Bleeding Gums: Gingivitis

When plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, builds up along the gumline, the gums can become irritated and inflamed. This early stage of gum disease is called gingivitis. Signs include gums that look red or puffy and bleed when you brush or floss.

Gingivitis is common and often reversible with better daily care and a professional cleaning. If it's ignored, it can progress to periodontitis, a more serious form of gum disease that can affect the bone supporting your teeth.

Other Possible Causes

• Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush
• Starting to floss after a long break
• Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy
• Certain medications, including blood thinners
• Smoking, which harms gum health and can hide warning signs
• Some medical conditions; a dentist or doctor can help rule these out

Bleeding Gums When Brushing Teeth

Bleeding that shows up mainly when you brush usually points to inflamed gums along the gumline, not to the brushing itself. Ironically, many people brush less around the bleeding area, which lets more plaque build up and makes the problem worse.

Keep brushing gently with a soft-bristled brush angled toward the gumline. If you use a hard brush or scrub side to side, switch to small, gentle circles. An electric toothbrush with a pressure sensor can help if you tend to press too hard.

Swollen Gums and Gum Inflammation

Swollen gums and bleeding gums often go together. Healthy gums are pink and firm; inflamed gums look red, puffy or shiny and may feel tender. The most common reason is the same plaque buildup that causes gingivitis.

What causes swollen gums besides plaque? Hormonal changes, some medications, food stuck under the gumline, a poorly fitting dental appliance, or an infection. Swelling around a single tooth, swelling with pain or fever, or swelling that lasts more than a week or two should be checked by a dentist promptly.

How to Stop Bleeding Gums

1. Brush gently twice a day for two minutes with a soft brush and fluoride toothpaste, angled toward the gumline.
2. Clean between your teeth every day with floss, interdental brushes or a water flosser, even if they bleed at first.
3. Book a dental cleaning to remove tartar you can't remove at home.
4. Don't smoke, and limit sugary snacks and drinks.
5. Give it two weeks. Bleeding from gingivitis often improves within one to two weeks of consistent care. If it doesn't, see a dentist.

Frequently Asked Questions